This paper is an incisive overview of issue bordering on second language learning. It also discusses the language policy in Nigeria, the concept of second language learning and current issues in second language learning. The paper further outlined the second language teachers’ challenges among which are diversity of the audience, thematic language among others and also some of the challenges of students in second language learning which includes the role of first language. Individuals learners differences, learners process etc. Recommendations were also proffered on how to curb the problems of teaching and learning in second language.